Capital – Dushanbe
Location – Tajikistan is located in the southeast of Central Asia
Territory – 143.1 thousand square meters. km.
Population – 9 504 000 people (for the first of January 2021).
The monetary unit is somoni, introduced in October 2000.
The state border – length 700 kilometers from west to east, 350 kilometers from north to south. In the west and in the north with the republics of Uzbekistan (1332.9 km) and Kyrgyzstan (approximately 987 km); in the south – with Afghanistan (1344.15 km); in the east – with China (494.95 km).
The climate is continental. January from +220 (Pyanj) to -610 (Bulunkul Lake), July from -80 (Bulunkul Lake) to +450 (Pyanj).
By the nature of the surface, the republic is a typical mountainous country with absolute heights from 300 to 7495 meters. 93% of its territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the highest mountain systems. In the north is the Ferghana Valley; in the northwest and in the central part – the Turkestan, Zerafshan, Gissar and Alai ranges; in the southeast – Pamir (one of the highest points of the globe – Somoni peak – 7495 meters); the southwestern part is lowered – the Vakhsh, Gissar and other valleys.
Absolute heights of the largest mountain ranges Altitude above sea level (in meters):
I.Somoni Peak – 7495
Abuali ibn Sino Peak – 7134
E. Korzhenevskaya Peak – 7105
Istiklol Peak – 6974
Moskva Peak – 6785
K.Marx Peak – 6726
Garmo Peak – 6595
Soviet Officers Peak – 6233
Engels Peak – 6510
Wudor Peak – 6132
North Muzkul Peak – 6128
Mayakovsky Peak – 6096
Pakhkhor Peak – 6083
The most secret wealth of the republic is its rivers and lakes, which have a systemic glacial supply. The total length of 947 rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers exceeds 28,500 kilometers. They account for more than 60% of the water resources of the Central Asian region.
The largest rivers (the length of the watercourse, in kilometers, across the territory of Tajikistan):
Pyanj – 921
Amu Darya – 65
Syrdarya – 185
Zerafshan – 306
Bartang – Murghab – 491
Vakhsh – 524
Kofarnikhon – 387
Gund – 296
Huge reserves of snow and ice are concentrated in the highlands of Tajikistan. The climatic limit of eternal snow lies at an altitude of 3500-3600 meters in the west and rises to 5800 meters in the east. The areas of glaciers in Tajikistan exceed 8476 square kilometers. More than a thousand glaciers with a length of over 1.5 kilometers have been registered here. 16 glaciers reach more than 16 kilometers in length, including the Fedchenko and Grumm-Grzhimailo glaciers.
Tajikistan is also rich in lakes. There are about 1300 of them, with a total area of 705 square kilometers. The largest of them are Karokul and of landslide origin – Sarez, Yashilkul. The lakes are mainly located at an altitude of 3500 meters.
The soil, vegetation and fauna of Tajikistan have a sharply belt character. The vegetation cover is rich in wild fruit trees, thousands of plant species that are widely used by the population.
The animal world is rich and diverse. More than 80 species of mammals, over 365 species of birds, 49 species of reptiles, about 40 species of fish, more than 10 thousand species of insects live in Tajikistan. Of the predators, there are snow leopards, lynxes, bears, wolves, foxes, martens, as well as deer and argali.
Currently, there are 4 reserves (“Tigrovaya Balka”, “Romit”, “Dashti Jum”, “Zorkul”), 13 reserves, a national park. The total area of protected areas is 21% of the territory of the republic.
The subsoil of Tajikistan is very rich. Currently, more than 400 deposits have been explored and about 100 deposits are being exploited, which produce up to 40 types of mineral raw materials, both fuel and ore (about 10) and non-metallic (about 90) minerals.
In terms of coal reserves, Tajikistan occupies a leading position in Central Asia. The total geological reserves are about 4.0 billion tons. 80% of coal is coking. Many deposits of polychemical, rare and noble metals have been discovered on the territory of the republic: zinc, lead, bismuth, molybdenum, tungsten, gold, silver, antimony, mercury, fluorspar, as well as gas and oil.
